Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe

UNESCO World Heritage site inscribed 2007, transnational across Albania,Austria,Belgium,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Croatia,Czechia,France,Germany,Italy,North Macedonia,Poland,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Switzerland,Ukraine. This transnational property includes 93 component parts in 18 countries. Since the end of the last Ice Age, European Beech spread from a few isolated refuge areas in the Alps, Carpathians, Dinarides, Mediterranean and Pyrenees over a short period of a few thousand years in a process that is still ongoing. The successful expansion across a whole continent is related to the tree’s adaptability and tolerance of different climatic, geographical and physical conditions.