Ashaafean Biosphere Reserve

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, inscribed 2021, in Libya. The Ashaafean Biosphere Reserve lies in the municipality of Msallata, about 110 km south-east of Tripoli in Libya. Set in a mountainous landscape with varied topography under a Mediterranean climate, it contains biological values of regional, national and international importance, from endemic plants such as Linaria tarhunensis to notable fauna including the critically endangered Egyptian tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni). The reserve sits within a living cultural landscape shaped by ancient olive groves. The reserve aims to preserve this mountainous steppe environment while promoting sustainable local activities. Management seeks to foster sustainable economic and socio-cultural development by raising awareness among farmers and other land users, to ensure that agriculture and related activities remain ecologically sustainable.