Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve

UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, inscribed 2021, in Malaysia. Located on Penang Island in Malaysia’s Indo-Malayan region, the Penang Hill Biosphere Reserve brings together urban, agricultural and natural landscapes, and safeguards one of Malaysia’s last coastal rainforests. The reserve aims to protect the island’s natural environment while supporting sustainable development. Long-standing ties between hill and sea are maintained through community stewardship, responsible tourism and careful land–sea management.